Projecting the future energy mix nationally and globally, and prospects for different sectors and technologies

The world’s growing appetite for energy, combined with concern about the risks of climate change, is leading nations to seek a technology mix that simultaneously lowers greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enables economic growth. The search for affordable, reliable, efficient, low‑carbon energy-at-scale involves a realistic assessment of the benefits and constraints of existing and new technologies, as well as their socioeconomic implications.

Our studies inform decision‑makers, enabling them to make sound, forward‑looking choices from an expansive menu of technology and policy options aimed at lowering GHG emissions. We project, under business as usual (BAU) and other policies, the future energy mix; performance of different sectors (e.g. mobility/transportation including electric vehicles, power, industrial, agriculture); and market penetration of technologies (e.g. carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), hydrogen, renewables, intermittency (batteries, demand response, electricity markets), and negative emissions technologies (BECCS, afforestation, reforestation and geoengineering)).

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